The relationships between larval fish assemblages and hydrographic features in the Taiwan Strait were studied in the winter during 2007 - 2010. During the northeastern monsoon, the frontal area between China Coastal Current (CCC) and the Kuroshio Branch Current (KBC) fluctuated annaually. Through a cluster analysis, the larval fishes were classified into two main assemblages: Kuroshio Current assemblage (KC) and China Coastal Current assemblage (CCC). The spatial distributions of larval fish assemblages conformed to the distribution of water masses. Diaphus B and Bregmaceros spp. contributed most to the similarity within KC assemblages with the study period. For CCC assemblages, the contributed taxa differed slightly for each cruise and Scorpaenidae spp. was most representative. Species diversity and evenness were high for the KC assemblage and low for the CCC assemblage. The result of correlations analysis showed that the prey abundances were the determinant factor for the survival of larval fishes in the TS during winter.