Uroteuthis edulisas the main catch species of the torch light fishery in Taiwan. Due to the cephalopod resources was affected by the environment and fluctuated between years, it was so vulnerable to the impact of overfishing and leaded to collapse, highlighting the importance of resource assessment. In this study, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) was used as the resource index to correlate with the environmental factors such as the previous year CPUE, the monthly Arctic Oscillation Index, the monthly Niño Index, and the sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface chlorophyll-a (SSC) in different temporal and spatial and generalized linear model was used to establish theU. edulisresource assessment model to grasp the trend of resource. This study showed that there was no significant correlation between the resources in the previous year and the resources in the coming year. In all environmental factors, the SST in the upwelling in the northern Taiwan waters (main breeding ground) in the spring breeding season (in March of the fishing year) was positively correlated with the amount of squid resources. The SST after the end of the spring breeding season (in May of the fishing year) and the SST in the East China Sea continental shelf (the feeding ground) during growing (in April of the fishing year) was negatively correlated with the amount of squid resources. The SSC was negatively correlated with the amount of squid resources. The generalized linear model selected by Akaike’ Information Criterion included the SST in upwelling in April and the SST in the East China Sea continental shelf in April into the model. The explanatory rate is 89.3%.