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魚塭耐候生態養殖模式之建立

  • 日期:111-10-21
  • 計畫編號:110農科-6.2.2-水-A1(4)
  • 年度:2021
  • 領域:漁業科技研發
  • 主持人:黃德威
  • 研究人員:劉恩良

水產養殖業多採高密度集約養殖,容易使養殖水體與池底環境惡化,尤其當天候變動時(過冷或過熱),魚池中微生物消長,常造成水質異常變動,引起養殖魚介緊迫,造成疾病的產生甚至死亡。且因緊迫使養殖物攝食後排遺之有機物偏高或營養元素利用率降低,使排放水和底泥對於周遭環境的污染更大。養殖戶對於這類問題一般多先以施用益生菌或沸石粉因應,如持續惡化最終多以大量換水的方式解決,除浪費水資源外同時對於周遭環境也極不友善。本年度規劃以浮萍淨化水質,來建置魚塭耐候生態養殖模式雛形一式,藉浮萍良好的淨化能力,除減少養殖過程水質過度變動,所孳生的浮萍可以作為次要產物循環再利用,提供水產養殖動物攝食利用。試驗過程除監測水質變化、底泥氧化還原電位並記錄用水量及浮萍成長、吸收與收成量等,同時探討浮萍的利用情形。結果水中各項含氮化物的濃度都介於適合魚類成長的範圍,估算若流水式養殖池改以此模式養殖,每年每公頃約可節水6萬公噸。期間共收成浮萍1,046公斤,吳郭魚養殖過程每5天中改以浮萍餵飼1天,每公頃每年約可節省飼料費19萬元。另外,因浮萍繁衍速度甚快,每公頃養殖池估計約可匯碳39.3公噸。

研究報告摘要(英)


The aquaculture industry adopts high-density aquaculture, which easily deteriorates the environment of the aquaculture pond, especially when the weather changes, the growth and decline of microorganisms in the fish pond often causes abnormal changes in water quality causing disease and even death. In addition, because of the high organic matter discharged after the animals are ingested or the utilization of nutrient elements is reduced, the pollution to the surrounding environment is even greater. The continuous deterioration is eventually solved by a large amount of water exchange. In addition to wasting water resources, it is also extremely unfriendly to the surrounding environment. This year's plan is to use duckweed to purify the water quality to establishment of the ecological model for pond culture. With the good purification ability of duckweed, in addition to reducing excessive changes in water quality during the breeding process, the duckweed that grows can be recycled and reused as a secondary product to provide aquaculture animals for feeding and utilization. In addition to monitoring changes in water quality, oxidation-reduction potential of sediments, and recording water consumption and duckweed growth, absorption and yield, the use of duckweed was also discussed. As a result, the concentration of various nitrogen compounds in the water is within the range suitable for fish growth. It is estimated that if the flow-water aquaculture pond is changed to this mode, about 60,000 metric tons of water per hectare can be saved per year. A total of 1,046 kilograms of duckweed was harvested. During the breeding process of Wu Guo fish, duckweed was fed for 1 day every 5 days, which can save about 190,000 yuan in feed costs per hectare per year. A total of 1,046 kilograms of duckweed was harvested. During the breeding process of Wu Guo fish, duckweed was fed for 1 day every 5 days, which can save about 190,000 yuan in feed costs per hectare per year. In addition, due to the rapid reproduction of duckweed, the carbon sink is estimated to be about 39.3 metric tons per hectare of aquaculture ponds.