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臺灣東部新港海域鬼頭刀延繩釣漁業漁獲組成及作業漁場分布

  • 出版日期:108-06-30
  • 標題title(英):
    Catch Composition and Distribution of the Dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) Longline Fishery in Eastern Taiwan
  • 作者:林憲忠‧王勝平‧江偉全‧蔡富元‧許紅虹‧張景淳‧何源興
  • 作者auther(英):Shian-Jhong Lin, Sheng-Ping Wang, Wei-Chuan Chiang, Fu-Yuan Tsai, Hung-Hung Hsu, Ching-Tsun Chang and Yuan-Shing Ho
  • 卷別:27
  • 期別:1
  • 頁碼:13-31

鬼頭刀 (Coryphaena hippurus) 屬高度洄游性大洋魚類之一種,廣泛分布在熱帶、亞熱帶及溫帶海域。在東亞地區,鬼頭刀是重要的商業性及休閒漁業漁獲對象,且為許多國家都會利用的漁業資源,亦為臺灣沿近海之重要漁獲資源,主要盛漁期為4–6月 (夏季) 及10–12月 (冬季)。本研究根據2003–2018年臺東縣新港魚市場所量測之88,902尾鬼頭刀之樣本 (雌魚54,717尾,雄魚34,185尾) 及2012–2018年鬼頭刀延繩釣樣本船作業資料進行體長頻度、性比、作業漁場及漁獲組成分析。漁獲鬼頭刀性比顯示雌魚佔較優勢,總性比為0.62,但隨體長增加雄魚比例越高。根據調查鬼頭刀延繩釣標本船各月別作業海域顯示,1–3月大約75% 的作業航次主要集中分布於新港外海作業,4–6月往東南海域移動作業,然10–12月則向北偏移至花蓮海域作業,且該兩季之漁獲體長及性比之間有明顯差異,夏季漁獲體長顯著大於冬季,而冬季漁獲主要包含11–12月1歲魚之加入群且漁獲雌魚比例顯著較高於夏季。根據鬼頭刀延繩釣漁獲組成顯示,漁獲物種共達50種以上,其中漁獲鬼頭刀比例高達81.1 %,其他混獲比例僅佔18.9 %,故鬼頭刀延繩釣屬於低混獲漁法之一。

摘要abstract(英)


The dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is a highly migratory, epipelagic fish found worldwide in tropical, subtropical, and temperate waters. In East Asia, the dolphinfish is an important species for commercial and recreational fisheries in multiple countries. It is also an important catch resource for coastal and offshore fisheries in Taiwan during the main fishing seasons of April-June (summer) and October-December (winter). In this study, the length-frequency and sex ratio of dolphinfish were analyzed based on 88,902 samples (54,717 female; 34,185 male) measured in Shingkang fish market from 2003 to 2018. The catch compositions and fishing grounds of the dolphinfish longline fishery were also explored based on the catch records collected from sampling vessels from 2012 to 2018. The body sizes of dolphinfish caught in summer were larger than those caught in autumn and winter. The sex ratio analysis indicated that the proportion of females in the sample was higher at 0.62. The proportion of males, however, becomes higher than females with increasing body length which correlates. About 75% of the longline vessels targeting dolphinfish operated off Shingkang from January to March. The longline vessels tended to operate in southeastern areas from April to June and returned to areas offshore from Shingkang from July to September. Then, the vessels moved northward to Hualien from October to December. There were significant differences in the length and sex ratio of the catches in the two seasons, with the length of the catch in summer being significantly greater than that in winter. The winter catch mainly consisted fishes that recently joined the group in November and December, and the proportion of females caught was significantly higher than that in summer. According to the catch compositions, more than 50 species were recorded in the total catch, and the proportion of dolphinfish was 81.1% while that of the bycatch was 18.9%, indicating that the dolphinfish longline fishery is efficient at avoiding bycatch.