農業部-水產試驗所全球資訊網農業部-水產試驗所全球資訊網

在為期 34 天之九孔 (Haliotis diversicolor) 浮游苗附著浪板後活存率試驗中，所採用之品系分別為：宜蘭養殖品系 (strain YA 及 strain YB)、臺東野生品系 (strain TTA 及 strain TTB)、臺南養殖品系 (strain TN) 及臺南與基隆和平島的雜交品系 (strain TNK)。YB、TTA 及 TTB 在試驗期間，幼苗的活存率均高於 90%，YA 於第 34 天時下降至 82%，活存率最差的為 TN 及 TNK，分別為 67.5% 及 70.5%。比較活存率最高及最低的 TTB 及 TN 之基因歧異度，發現 TTB 之基因歧異度遠大於 TN 品系。進一步探討三種不同配對的九孔子代在 3 ~ 10 月齡間的成長表現，結果顯示，東北角養殖的雌九孔與臺東野生雄九孔所產的子代 (strain 1) 成長最快，至10月齡之殼長為 36.26 ± 5.77 mm；其次為東北角養殖九孔子代 (strain 2) 的 33.06 ± 4.13 mm 與臺東野生雌九孔與東北角養殖雄九孔子代 (strain 3) 的 31.73 ± 3.54 mm。在活存率方面，經過 8 個月的飼養，strain 1 活存率為 97%，strain 2 為 83%，strain 3 為 98%。成長及活存率均以 strain 1 最佳。綜合上述結果顯示，透過雜交可使族群之基因歧異度增加，使九孔之成長與活存率有較佳的表現。

We compared the larval survival rates of the F1 generations of six small abalone strains in Taiwan, including two inbred farmed strains from Ilan (YA and YB), two inbred wild strains from Taitung (TTA and TTB), one inbred farmed strain from Tainan (TN) and a hybrid crossing of farmed strains from Tainan and Keelung (TNP). While the YB, TTA and TTB strains had larval survival rates of more than 90% and the YA strain had an 82% larval survival rate, the TN and TNK strains had the lowest larval survival rates at 67.5% and 70.5%, respectively, after 34 days. Thus, we decided to study the genetic relationship between the strains with the highest (TTB) and lowest (TN) larval survival rates using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Our results showed that the allelic diversity of the TTB strain was higher than that of the TN strain. Therefore, we further studied the growth and survival rates using another hybrid of small abalone. We cross-bred small abalone from three different sources in Taiwan: strain 1, a hybrid crossing of a female farmed strain with wild strains; strain 2, an inbred farmed strain; and strain 3, a hybrid crossing of a female wild strain with a male farmed strain. We compared the growth rates for each strain for an 8-month period starting at 3 months of age. The initial and final shell lengths for each strain were as follows: 22.13 ± 5.7mm to 36.26 ± 5.77mm for strain 1, 14.17 ± 3.9mm to 33.06 ± 4.13mm for strain 2, and 13.25 ± 2.9mm to 31.73 ± 3.54mm for strain 3. The survival rates within this 8-month period were 97% for strain 1, 83% for strain 2, and 98% for strain 3. Overall, strain 1 had the best growth and survival rates, followed by strain 3 and strain 2. In summary, our results indicate that cross-breeding can increase the genetic diversity and improve the growth and survival rates of small abalone.