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澎湖近海底拖網漁獲生物群聚結構分析

  • 出版日期:110-06-30
  • 標題title(英):
    Community Structure Analysis Based on Bottom Trawl Fishing in the Waters of Penghu
  • 作者:張芸甄‧葉宇庭‧鐘金水‧冼宜樂‧林綉美‧歐麗臻‧黃文卿‧鄭靜怡‧楊子泰‧莊美英‧謝恆毅‧陳律祺
  • 作者auther(英):Yun-Chen Chang, Yu-Ting Yeh, Chin-Sui Chung, Yi-Yueh Shean, Shiow-Mei Lin, Lih-Zhen Ou, Wen-Ching Hwang, Jing-Yi Zheng, Tzu-Tai Yang, Mei-Ying Zhuang, Hernyi Justin Hsieh and Lu-Chi Chen
  • 卷別:29
  • 期別:1
  • 頁碼:15-24

澎湖位於寒暖流交會之水域,寒暖流季節之消長影響水文狀況,進而顯示季節上各類漁獲物之差異及變化。本研究針對澎湖西北及東南底拖網漁業作業海域出現物種,進行種類組成變化之探討,在研究期間總計漁獲生物103科273種164,502尾,其中西北海域之漁獲生物種類豐度以花身鰏(Leiognathus rivulatus) 最高,東南海域則以橢圓鰏 (Gazza minuta) 最多。種類數目之月別變化介於23–99種之間,漁獲生物尾數之月別變化介於1,364–31,919尾之間,單位努力漁獲量 (catch per unit effort, CPUE) 之月別變化介於11.5–63.5 kg/hr之間,另針對各月別底拖網漁獲進行漁獲體型分析,豐富度 (d) 介於2.9–11.3之間;均勻度 (J') 介於0.1–0.7之間;歧異度 (H') 介於0.4–3.0之間,由資料顯示幾乎各月份歧異度指數皆大於1,由此顯示本研究選取之測站生物歧異度高,物種具有多樣性,東南海域優勢物種主要以經濟價值較低之鰏科為主,西北海域各月之優勢物種則有顯著不同。另針對五種經濟性魚種:秋姑魚 (Upeneus japonicus)、白帶魚 (Trichiurus japanicus)、瓜子鯧 (Psenopsis anomala)、魬鯛 (Evynnis cardinalis) 及六絲馬鮁 (Polydactylus sextarius) 進行分析,結果顯示秋姑魚、白帶魚及瓜子鯧之平均體長皆已達成熟體型,且五種經濟性魚種總計漁獲生物量為702.8 kg,占總漁獲量的34.4%。底拖網漁法漁獲效率雖然高,但是伴隨大量的混獲物種,若能針對底拖網漁具進行改良,減少混獲比率,可維持漁業資源的永續利用。

摘要abstract(英)


This study focused on the species populations in the northwest and southeast waters of Penghu based on bottom trawl fishery hauls. During the study period, 164,502 fishes belonging to 103 families and 273 species were caught. The most abundant fish in the northwest waters was Leiognathus rivulatus. The most abundant fish in the southeast waters was Gazza minuta. Monthly variations in the numbers of species ranged between 23 and 99. Monthly variations in the numbers of individual fish ranged between 1,364 and 31,919. Monthly variations in catches per unit effort (CPUE, kg/hr) ranged between 11.5 and 63.5. We analyzed monthly catches, which showed that the richness index ranged between 2.9 and 11.3, evenness ranged between 0.1 and 0.7, and the diversity index ranged between 0.4 and 3.0. The data show that the diversity index was greater than 1 for almost every month, indicating that the biodiversity of the station selected for this study was high.
The dominant species identified in the southeast waters were Leiognathidae, which have low economic value, whereas the dominant species in the northwest waters differed significantly each month. Furthermore, we analyze five economical fishes, including Upeneus japonicas, Trichiurus japanicus, Psenopsis anomala, Evynnis cardinalis, and Polydactylus sextarius. The average fish total lengths of Upeneus japonicas, Trichiurus japonicus, and Psenopsis anomala in this study indicated that these fish had achieved mature lengths. The total catch biomass of the five economical fishes was 702.8 kg, accounting for 34.4% of the total catch biomass. Although bottom trawl fishery has a high catch efficiency, large numbers of bycatch species were observed. If bottom trawl fishing gear can be improved to reduce the rate of bycatch species, the sustainable use of fishery resources can be maintained.