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優質九孔種苗培育之研究

  • 日期:98-04-20
  • 年度:2008
  • 領域:漁業領域
  • 主持人:蘇惠美
  • 研究人員:蘇惠美、謝隆聲、王淑欣、張銀戀、黃俊翰

為解決九孔幼苗從附苗板上脫落死亡,以及下浪板後養至放養種苗活存率低落問題,本研究從三方面加以探討。一為調查不同年齡九孔種貝的免疫活性,以及利用光合菌作為九孔飼料添加劑對提高種貝免疫力的影響。二為試驗不同比例添加深層海水對九孔幼苗成長與活存、浪板藻量、菌量,以及水中菌量之影響。三為以養殖的底棲矽藻作為幼苗食物,探討不同地區來源種貝孵出幼苗之成長,以及海藻餌料對種貝成長、孕卵量、及子代幼苗之活存與成長之影響。結果顯示4種與貝類免疫有關的酵素活性,以2齡貝最高,較適合選作種貝。餵食含有光合菌粉末,或浸泡在光合菌中的昆布與龍鬚菜,並不能促進九孔成貝的免疫力,餵食時間過長,甚至有反效果。春秋二季九孔繁殖試驗顯示,添加深層海水任一比例組之附苗率,都較僅有表層海水組高,浪板上之藻類密度也較表層海水組高,且藻相明顯不同。兩季的弧菌量不高,附苗情形與菌數量間無明顯相關性。浮游苗先投餵二種小型底棲矽藻,隨後再補充大型底棲矽藻,下板後投餵大型底棲矽藻與石蓴幼苗,2cm幼苗完全投餵石蓴及龍鬚菜,在鹽度為29ppt之上半年成功養出5種子代幼苗,至116天最高活存率達8.7%,不同地區來原種貝有很大差異。5種種貝在25ppt低鹽度養殖3個月之下半年,受精、胚發育與孵化均正常,孵出浮游苗雖正常趨光,卻多數無外殼。

研究報告摘要(英)


Our projects focused on micro and macro algae culture and their effect as diets to enhance the survival and growth of postlarval and juvenile small abalone Haliotis diversicolor. The small abalone postlarvae were fed initially with two smaller, then fed the biggest diatom before and detached from the plastic plate. Afterward, sporelings of Ulva and regenerating fragments of Gracilaria were provided. Using the feed regimes described above five batches of 2cm juveniles were produced, the highest survival reached 8.7% at 182 days post hatch and the significantly different survival was found among these five adult groups. After the lower salinity (25 ppt) seawater continued for 3 months due to rain, though the maturation, fertilization, embryo development performed normally and had the high hatch rate, most of postlarvae without the shell. Application as diet for small abalone in 23 weeks feeding trial showed the mix diet of Gracilaria and Ulva having the highest weight gain, maturation rate (95%), survival of adult (99%) and postlarvae; the Ulva diet intermediate except the worst adult survival (80%) and maturation rate (84%), the Gracilaria diet the worst in the highest FCR (51) than the Ulva (21).