農業部-水產試驗所全球資訊網農業部-水產試驗所全球資訊網

1. 挑選殼長大於4公分養殖種貝及野生文蛤種貝進行幼苗培育,並篩選成長快速幼苗各10000粒進行培育再篩選，並進行35和37℃環境下進行鹽度0、2、4、6、8、10、30 psu.文蛤苗(19.56±1.28 mm，2.12±0.38 g)耐受性試驗觀察結果。在35、37℃環境下進行鹽度0、2、4、6、8、10、30 psu.文蛤苗(19.56±1.28 mm,2.12±0.38 g)耐受性試驗觀察結果如表一。3耐受性試驗觀察結果。35℃組24小時存活率皆為100%，48小時存活率皆在80%以上，72小時時0、4、6 psu.僅剩70%以下，30 psu.、10 psu.、8 psu.仍有90%以上存活。96小時後10 psu.以下皆在40%以下，10 psu也剩66.7±15.2%。在37℃組24小時存活率皆為100%，48小時候在10 psu以下除2 psu組仍有80%存活率，於皆低於60%。72小時為0、2、4、6、8 psu皆無活存， 以30 psu.(76±6%)最佳，其次為10 psu.(63±15%)。顯示出文蛤對鹽度耐受性隨溫度增高，低鹽度環境下文蛤耐受性減弱。


2. 我們從50組的RAPD逢機引子中，篩選出5個具代表性的基因座進行地理群分析，在DNA分子量100至1000鹼基的範圍內，共有37條具特異性的條帶被分離出，依據非加權組平均法分群分析結果，於遺傳相似度達0.44時，可將目前臺灣收集到之248個文蛤種原區分成6大群，包括野生文蛤群(閩江口區文蛤、淡水河口文蛤、彰濱工業區野生文蛤)、越南白文蛤、龍門文蛤、110年雲林台西文蛤及市場隨機購得之文蛤、北門文蛤及109年市場隨機購得之文蛤。同時我們也從這248個樣本中建立了6個專一性之序列特徵化增幅區域(SCAR)的基因標誌，應用於未來的文蛤地理群分析及育種之用。

The observation results of the tolerance test of clam seedlings (19.56±1.28 mm,2.12±0.38 g) with salinity of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 30 psu. 3 Observation results of tolerance test. In the 35℃ group, the 24-hour survival rate was 100%, and the 48-hour survival rate was above 80%. At 72 hours, 0, 4, and 6 psu. only remained
below 70%, and 30psu., 10psu., and 8psu. were still more than 90%. Survive. After 96 hours, below 10 psu. are all below 40%, and 10 psu is still 66.7±15.2%. In the 37°C group, the 24-hour survival rate was 100%. At 48 hours, there was still 80% survival rate under 10 psu except for the 2 psu group, and both were less than 60%. There was no alive at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 in 72 hours, with 30 psu. (76 ± 6%) being the best, followed by 10 psu. (63 ± 15%). It shows that the tolerance to salinity of clams increases with temperature, and the tolerance of clams in lowsalinity environment decreases.

In the study, high quality genomic DNA was extracted from the gill tissues of hard clams individual collected from New Taipei Tamsui, Mazu islands, Changhua, Yunlin and Tainan, using a new genomic DNA extraction according to the CTAB DNA extraction method.Previous studies of hrad clams were mostly focused on morphology, artificial breeding, and environment factors. Studies of the population structure of this economically valuable species remain insufficient, so sutdies on the develpoment of genetic markers are urgently needed. In this study, five novel SCAR markers of hard clam was developed, which may be useful for future studies associated with population genetics and the protection of species resources. After inspecting 50 sets of amplified bands of RAPD primers, we selected 5 of them for subsequent analysis as follow analysis. These 5 sets of primers could amplify a total of 82 bands, of which 37 polymorphic bands can be analyzed between 100 basepair to 1000 basepairs. Using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) for cluster analysis can divide 248 individuals into six groups as the genetic similarity was 0.44, we can clear separate the wild clams and cultured clams efficiently.