農業部-水產試驗所全球資訊網農業部-水產試驗所全球資訊網

過去大多採用魚、蝦、貝、藻，同池混養，來解決單一品種高密度養殖所帶來的環境問題，和提高漁塭養殖收益，但是混養同池有時不一定同時滿足所有生物適合的生長環境，混養同池也有捕獲上的困難，而另一種混養模式則是採用分養在不同水體，以發揮各種生物間的互相利用，本研究利用魚蝦貝藻類建立魚塭生態養殖系統，此研究主要養殖生物為白蝦、虱目魚，貝類淨水池使用牡蠣，藻類淨水池使用龍鬚菜。利用牡蠣作為貝類養殖池生物，來過濾水中微細藻類及有機物質，利用龍鬚菜吸收溶解態的營養鹽，進而達到淨化水質及穩定水質之功能，同時降低污染物對環境的破壞，實驗過程中重複組南北魚蝦池pH一直穩定在8.13~8.32之間，沒有較明顯波動，溫度在28~31℃之間，透明度維持在30~50，溶氧在5.8~6.7 ppm之間，氨氮濃度均在適養濃度0.3 ppm以下，亞硝酸氮濃度均在安全濃度0.5ppm以下，葉綠素a濃度隨著養殖時間增加至140 ppb，總懸浮固體濃度增加至128 ppm，但由於在九月的時候貝類淨水池，放養牡蠣使的魚蝦養殖池的葉綠素a最低降至82 ppb，總懸浮固體最低降至34 ppm，結果顯示在未加入牡蠣之前，總懸浮固體及藻類濃度隨者養殖時間而增加，在加入牡蠣後可以有效的控制水中總懸浮固體及藻類濃度維持在適當的濃度，其餘水中化學因子pH、氨氮、亞硝酸氮均保持在標準值內。

It was almost adopting fishes, shrimps, shellfishes and algae in the same pond. This method is used for resolving the environment problem that come from a highly density of a single breed and raising the revenue of pool-cultivating. On the other hand, all adopting breeds in the same pond sometimes can not satisfied growing environment with each of breeds, and it is also difficult for catching. The other cultivating model is raising each breed in separate ponds but using the same water, and it can take advantages of each other. The study established a breed’s ecological system for integrated cultivation of fishes, shrimps, shellfishes and algae. There are three ponds with respective organisms in one circulation system: white shrimp, Peneaus vannamei, milkfish are the major cultured objectives; oyster, Crassostrea gigas was responsible for absorbing the suspended organic matter, micro-algae and algae, Gracilaria dissolving nutrients to stabilize the water quality and meantime decrease destruction of the environment. The result of duplicate group which north and south ponds of the experiment showed pH is between 8.13 to 8.32 which is not floating obviously, the temperature is 28~31℃, the transparency is 30~50, dissolution oxygen is 5.8~6.7 ppm, NH+4-N is under 0.3 ppm, the concentration of NO2-N is 0.5ppm. The chlorophyll a concentration increased 140 ppb with cultivating period and suspended organic matter concentration increased 128 ppm. In September, shellfish’s pond with oyster, Crassostrea gigas, caused the chlorophyll a concentration decreased minimum of 82 ppb and suspended organic matter concentration decreased minimum of 34 ppm. The result showed that the increase of the concentration of suspended organic matter and algae, Gracilaria, results in the increase of cultivating period before oyster, Crassostrea gigas added. Therefore, the concentration of suspended organic matter and algae, Gracilaria, can be well controlled after adding oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Plus, chemical factors such as pH, NH+4-N and NO2-N in the ponds were maintained within standard values.