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眼斑海葵魚之生殖行為及育苗研究

  • 出版日期:96-12-31
  • 標題title(英):
    Spawning Behavior and Larval Rearing of the Clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris)
  • 作者:何源興‧陳文義‧施勝中‧彭仁君‧張文炳
  • 作者auther(英):Yuan-Shing Ho, Sheng-Chung Shih, Wen-Yie Chen, Jen
  • 卷別:15
  • 期別:2
  • 頁碼:43-58

眼斑海葵魚 (Clown anemonefish, Amphiprion ocellaris) 屬於雀鯛科 (Pomacentridae) 之海葵魚亞科 (Amphiprioninae)。本研究自2006年1月2日至2006年12月28日止,共觀察產卵28次;當親魚有清理產卵床行為、雌魚腹部明顯膨大、生殖突起明顯突出,則判定種魚即將產卵;每次產卵間隔約10 ~ 19日,產卵時間在09:00 ~ 15:00,主要集中在11:00 ~ 14:30,產卵行為持續約1個多小時 ;每次產卵數約300 ~ 1,000顆,受精卵為橘紅色、橢圓形、分離之沉性黏著卵,受精卵之平均長徑為2.32 ± 0.10 mm;平均短徑為0.95 ± 0.07 mm;平均卵黃徑為1.44 ± 0.12 mm;仔魚孵化平均體長為4.35 ± 0.14 mm。產卵結束後親魚會有護卵行為,產卵到孵化期間雌雄護卵次數分別為7 ± 5.7及40 ± 6.6次/30 min,顯示護卵主要是由雄魚擔任。根據結果發現眼斑海葵魚胚胎孵化所需的時間與水溫成負相關變化,在水溫29℃及23℃下仔魚孵化天數分別為6及8天,兩者相差了2天的時間。仔魚孵化後第11天左右體色開始出現,並轉變為橘紅色,此時可以與海葵共生而不會受到海葵攻擊。眼斑海葵魚仔魚初期餌料生物為輪蟲,投餵之密度不得低於5,000 Rotifer / l,並添加微藻有穩定水質及滋養輪蟲之功效,同時餌料生物之提供應該注意各個餌料必須重疊使用。仔魚成長至35日左右開始可以接受人工飼料。在160日仔魚體長可達38.25 ± 2.95 mm,此時魚苗之體色及斑紋已與成魚一致。

摘要abstract(英)


Clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) belongs to the subfamily Amphiprioninae of the family Pomacentridae. Between January 2 and December 28,2006, one pair of clownfish ovulated 28 times. Oviposition occurred after the breeders cleaned the spawning substrate together. The spawning intervals were 10 - 19 days. The timing of spawning started from 09:00 to 15:00 with a peak from 11:00 to 14:30, and the spawning behavior lasted for an hour. About 300 - 1000 eggs were released in each spawning. These adhesive demersal eggs were reddish orange and oval with size about 2.32 ± 0.10 × 0.95 ± 0.07 mm (Mean ± SD). The yolks were about 1.44 ± 0.12 mm in diameter and the newly hatched larvae were about 4.35 ± 0.14 mm in length. Parental care behaviors for the ovum occurred after spawning. The behavior occurred 7 ± 5.7 times / 30 minutes and 40 ± 6.6 times / 30 minutes for females and males, respectively. This indicated that parental care behavior mainly carried out by males. The time interval for the embryo to hatch was an inverse ratio to water temperature. The hatching period was 6 and 8 days under 29℃ and 23℃ water temperature, respectively. At day 11th after hatching, the body color of larvae turned to reddish orange and symbiosis with sea anemones. The feedings for the initial larvae stage were rotifer. The density of rotifer would not be lower than 5000 rotifer / liter. In addition, microalgae was added to stabilize water quality and to nourish rotifers. The supply of feedings should be applied at the same time. At the 35th day after hatching, pellet diet could be applied to the fries. When the average body length of juvenile was 38.25 ± 2.95 mm at the 160th day, the pattern of band and color of juvenile were the same with adult.