農業部-水產試驗所全球資訊網農業部-水產試驗所全球資訊網

奇異海蟑螂 (Ligia exotica) 在台灣各地的海岸隨處可見，但僅做為釣餌使用，是為產量豐卻低度利用的水產資源。本研究之主要目的在探討人工養殖海蟑螂的食用安全及其蛋白酵素水解物之機能性，藉以提升其多元化之應用層次與附加價值。試驗結果顯示海蟑螂乾物組成中以粗蛋白質含量最高，約佔總重 55.3%。游離胺基酸組成中則以甘胺酸 (glycine)、丙胺酸 (alanine)、牛磺酸 (taurine)、麩胺酸 (glutamic acid) 和精胺酸 (arginine) 等含量較豐，約佔總量之 73.6%。以 2 種蛋白酶共同水解海蟑螂之水解物中，分子量 <1500 Da 的胜肽約為 83.6 ~ 89.5%，並可顯現強抗氧化活性，其超氧歧化酶 (superoxide dismutase, SOD) 活性、亞鐵離子螯合能力與還原力等之 IC₅₀ 值分別為12.4 ~ 43.4 mg/mL、0.3 ~ 0.7 mg/mL 和10.1 ~ 10.6 mg/mL。此外海蟑螂及其酵素水解物皆具有抗凝血的效果，但僅酵素水解物能顯現抗凝血之劑量效應，且其作用之有效濃度為 40 mg/mL與 30 mg/mL 肝素 (heparin) 相當，其活化部分凝血活酶時間 (activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT)皆達血液無法凝固之臨界值 (> 100秒)。另海蟑螂及其酵素水解物分別經由基因毒性試驗與 14 天口服 (15 g kg^-1 body weight) 急毒性試驗證實具有食用安全性。綜合以上結果顯示，海蟑螂之蛋白酵素水解物可能具有食用安全性、抗氧化與抗凝血等功能，建議可應用做為機能保健食品或營養補充品之海洋性新素材之發展潛力，達到活用低度利用性水產資源之目的。

Ligia exotica are common crustacean around the coast in Taiwan; and some of them are used as baits for fishing. In order to complete the utilization and to increase its added-value, the edible safety and functional properties of cultured Ligia exotica and its hydrolysate were evaluated. Results showed that crude protein was the mainly composition and accounts for 55.3% on a dry weight basis. Glycine, alanine, taurine, glutamic acid, and arginine were the predominant free amino acids. Hydrolysate of cultured Ligia exotica which were hydrolyzed by two mixed proteases contained 83.6 ~ 89.5% peptides with the molecular weight less than 1500 Da. The concentration of scavenging 50% of radical activity (IC₅₀) in hydrolysate on the Fe²⁺ chelating activity and reducing power were 0.3 ~ 0.7 mg/mL and 10.1 ~ 10.6 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, Ligia exotica and its hydrolysate possessed anticoagulant ability, and hydrolysate showed the dose-dependent effect. The anticoagulant activity of hydrolysate at a concentration of 40 mg/mL was close to that of heparin at 30 mg/mL, while the critical value of blood coagulation at APTT in both were greater than 100 sec. Based on the Ames and acute toxicity animal model test, Ligia exotica and its hydrolysates might be edible safety. Results indicated that hydrolysate of cultured Ligia exotica could be a suitable source for antioxidant and anticoagulant agents and use as healthy food.