農業部水產試驗所全球資訊網

花蛤 Gomphina veneriformis 為臺灣重要經濟與養殖貝類之一。近年來，由於台灣西部沿岸海埔地大量開發工業區，造成養殖區域日益縮小。因此，魚塭養殖將是此產業未來發展之趨勢。本研究目的為探討鹽度對花蛤在稚貝期的成長與活存之影響。所採用的稚貝均來自人工繁殖，稚貝以Isochrysis spp. 或綠藻餵飼，溫度控制在25℃ 左右，人工繁殖沈底後第31天的稚貝，以 15-25 ppt鹽度養殖成長與活存率較佳。人工繁殖沈底後第57天(平均殼長0.818±0.081 mm) 的稚貝，殼長成長的最佳鹽度為20-25 ppt，重量成長的最佳鹽度為20-30 ppt，而活存率較佳的鹽度則在20-25 ppt間。兩次試驗高於35 ppt或低於l0 ppt其成長或活存率均不好。第三次試驗稚貝平均殼長為3.91±0.51 mm，殼長成長的最佳鹽度為25-35 ppt。在35 ppt 以下花蛤隨著殼長的增加其最適成長鹽度有漸高的趨勢。

摘要abstract(英) Short-necked clam omphina veneriformis is one of the commercially important bivalves in Taiwan. The present experiments were conducted to study the effects of salinity on the growth and survival of juvenile short-necked clam. The juveniles were reared indoors or in the greenhouse and fed on Isochrysis spp. and green algae. Water temperature was controlled about 25℃. In the first experiment, we found that the optimal salinity for growth and survival rate of the 31 st days after settlement was 15-25 ppt. In the second experiment, we found that the optimal salinity for the growth in shell length, total weight and survival rate of the 57 th days juveniles (average shell length 0.8180.081 mm) after settlement was 20-25, 20-30 and 20-25 ppt, respectively. In the third experiment, the optimal salinity for the growth in shell length of the juveniles (average shell length 3.910.51 mm) was 25-35 ppt. It seemed that lower than 35 ppt, the optimal salinity increase as the clam grows.
Key words: Gomphina veneriformis, Salinity, Growth, Survival rate