農業部水產試驗所全球資訊網

本研究旨在利用RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) 技術針對7個不同來源的九孔，進行遺傳變異分析。受試九孔分別購自台東縣 (TC1和TC2) 與宜蘭縣的養殖場 (YC1、YC2和YC3)以及於花蓮縣的水璉、磯碕 (HW1) 和鹽寮 (HW2) 附近海域捕獲的野生九孔。篩選6條 (p3、p5、p7、p8、p9及p12) 產物清楚且重覆性高的逢機引子，共檢測出61條擴增條帶。在養殖九孔部分，除了YC3場外，其他4場的等位對偶基因個數 (na) 為：1.8033 ± 0.4008 ~ 1.8852 ± 0.3214；有效的等位對偶基因個數 (ne) 為：1.5023 ± 0.3524 ~ 1.6469 ± 0.3423；基因歧異度 (h) 為：0.2927 ± 0.1830 ~ 0.3599 ± 0.1638；遺傳多樣性指數 (I) 為：0.4360 ± 0.2522 ~ 0.5233 ± 0.2210；多型性擴增帶數 (nL) 49 ~ 54及多型性擴增帶比率 (pL) 達80.33 ~ 88.52%。至於野生九孔部分，其na = 1.8689 ± 0.3404 ~ 1.9508 ± 0.2180；ne = 1.6677 ± 0.3456 ~ 1.7397 ± 0.2846；h = 0.3659 ± 0.1717 ~ 0.4048 ± 0.1298；I = 0.5268 ± 0.2356 ~ 0.5823 ± 0.1703；nL= 53 ~ 58及pL = 86.89 ~ 95.08%。經由上述結果及未加權算數平均法 (unweighted pair group method analysis , UPGMA) 求得相似性係數之數值矩陣，可將九孔分成台東、花蓮和宜蘭三群，其中花蓮野生九孔的遺傳變異、基因多型性及等位基因個數均明顯大於養殖九孔。

摘要abstract(英) Cultured small abalone, (Haliotis diversicolor, collected from five farms strains (two【TC1 and TC2】from the county of Taitung and three【YC1, YC2 and YC3】 from the county of Yilan). Wild abalone were from the coast of Shueilian-Jichi (HW1) and Yanliao (HW2) of Hualian County. RAPD was then used to analysis genetic variation of seven strains. Six random primers (p3, p5, p7, p8, p9 and p12) were used to amplify 61 clear and reproducible bands. The results showed that observed number of alleles (na), effective number of alleles (ne), gene diversity (h), Shannon’s Information Index (I), the number of polymorphic loci (nL), and the percentage of polymorphic loci (pL) of farmed strains except YC3 were 1.8033±0.4008 ~ 1.8852±0.3214, 1.5023 ± 0.3524 ~ 1.6469 ± 0.3423, 0.2927 ± 0.1830 ~ 0.3599 ± 0.1638, 0.4360 ± 0.2522 ~ 0.5233 ± 0.2210, 49~54, and 80.33 ~ 88.52%, respectively. On the other hand, the na, ne, h, I, nL and pL of wild abalone were 1.8689 ± 0.3404 ~ 1.9508 ± 0.2180, 1.6677 ± 0.3456 ~ 1.7397 ± 0.2846, 0.3659 ± 0.1717 ~ 0.4048 ± 0.1298, 0.5268 ± 0.2356 ~ 0.5823 ± 0.1703, 53 ~ 58, and 86.89 ~ 95.08%, respectively. Based on the results and through the Unweighted Pair Group Method Analysis (UPGMA), these small abalone can be divided into three subgroups: Taitung, Haulian, and Yilan. Compared to farmed strains, the wild abalone from Haulian displayed a greater genetic variation, polymorphism, and number of alleles.