農業部水產試驗所全球資訊網

本試驗應用聚合酶連鎖反應－限制酶切割片段多型性 (PCR-RFLP) 技術鑑別淡水繁養殖研究中心所保育之尼羅吳郭魚 (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) 、莫三比克吳郭魚 (O. mossambicus Peters, 1852)、歐利亞吳郭魚 (O. aureus Steindachner, 1864) 、賀諾奴吳郭魚 (O. urolepis hornorum Trewavas, 1966) 及斯皮路勒吳郭魚 (O. spilurus spilurus Günther, 1894) 等吳郭魚。結果顯示此五種吳郭魚的粒線體DNA D-loop片段長度為958 ~ 968 bp，核苷酸鹼基組成之A+T (%) 為64.3 ~ 65.5；百分比相同性為88.5 ~ 96.2；遺傳距離為0.038 ~ 0.124。分析五種吳郭魚之D-loop片段，選擇AcuI，BbsI及MspI內切限制酶對其切割位或切割片段長度有相異之處，可藉以區別之。另外，用Neighbor-joining (NJ) 方法繪出的演化樹顯示其分成三支 (clade)，賀諾奴吳郭魚與莫三比克吳郭魚形成一支，尼羅吳郭魚與斯皮路勒吳郭魚形成另一支，歐利亞吳郭魚則呈獨立狀態。本項鑑種技術一經確立，對今後種原庫的保種與育種工作之推展助益良多。

摘要abstract(英) The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Linnaeus, 1758), Mozambique tilapia (O. mossambicus Peters, 1852), Blue tilapia (O. aureus Steindachner, 1864), Wami tilapia (O. urolepis hornorum Trewavas, 1966) and Sabaki tilapia (O. spilurus spilurus Günther, 1894), stocked at Freshwater Aquaculture Research Center, were identified by using of PCR-RFLP technique. For these 5 species of tilapia, the length of D-loop region in mitodhondrial DNA was at the range of 958 ~ 968 base-pairs (bp), A+T (%) of the base composition was at the range of 64.3 ~ 65.5, percent identity was between 88.5 and 96.2, and genetic distance were between 0.038 and 0.124.Digestion of the D-loop region, by using AcuI, BbsI and MspI restriction enzymes, resulted in several different restriction patterns that could be used to discriminate the five tilapia species. Phylogenetic tree constructed by neighbor-joining (NJ) method showed that Wami tilapia and Mozambique tilapia were in the same clade, Nile tilapia and Sabaki tilapia were in another clade, and Blue tilapia was alone.