農業部水產試驗所全球資訊網

文蛤為臺灣重要養殖二枚貝類，在分類上屬於軟體動物門 (Mollusca) 雙殼綱 (Bivalvia) 簾蛤科(Veneridae) 文蛤屬 (Meretrix)。本研究以粒線體DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) 為目標基因，對臺灣不同地區的文蛤進行分子鑑定，總共分析85個樣品，結果顯示有74個樣品屬於臺灣文蛤 (Meretrix taiwanica)、有11個樣品屬於韓國文蛤 (M. lamarckii) 及1個樣品屬於麗文蛤 (M. lusoria)。就養殖文蛤的種類來看，在彰化、雲林、嘉義及臺南地區皆為臺灣文蛤，只有臺南發現到1個樣品屬於麗文蛤，顯示臺灣各地區主要的種類是臺灣文蛤，而非麗文蛤。野生文蛤的種類，在臺北淡水採集到的樣品屬於臺灣文蛤，金門及新北龍門的則屬於韓國文蛤。臺灣文蛤基因單倍型多樣性 (haplotype diversity, Hd) 的結果顯示，養殖 (Hd = 0.752 ± 0.048) 和野外 (Hd =0.891 ± 0.074) 族群都呈現高單倍型多樣性，單倍型網狀分析 (haplotype network analysis) 的結果顯示，在64個臺灣文蛤樣品中包含21種單倍型，其中有4種主要的單倍型，且不同地區的樣品保持基因流動。本研究結果提供的資訊有助於未來臺灣地區文蛤的物種鑑定、族群遺傳及種原管理之發展。

摘要abstract(英) Hard clams are important farmed bivalves in Taiwan. They belong to the phylum Mollusca, class Bivalvia, order Veneroida, and family Veneridae. Meretrix lusoria has been the perceived as the predominant hard clam species in Taiwan. This study aimed to conduct molecular identification of hard clams from different regions in Taiwan, using the COI gene as the target region. A total of 85 samples were analyzed, with results showing that 74 samples belonged to M. taiwanica, 11 samples belonged to M. lamarckii, and one sample belonged to M. lusoria. In Changhua, Yunlin, Chiayi, and Tainan, the farmed hard clam species were all identified as M. taiwanica, except for one M. lusoria found in Tainan. This indicates that the primary farmed species of Taiwanese hard clam were M. taiwanica rather than M. lusoria or M. petechialis. The hard clams collected from Tamsui were identified as M. taiwanica, while samples from Kinmen and Longmen were identified as M. lamarckii. The haplotype diversity analysis showed that both farmed (Hd = 0.752 ± 0.048) and wild hard clams (Hd = 0.891 ± 0.074) exhibited a high level of genetic diversity. The haplotype network analysis identified 21 haplotypes among the 63 samples of Taiwanese hard clam. There were four common haplotypes, and haplotypes from different regions maintained the gene flow. This study provides more information on Taiwanese hard clam for future species identification, population genetics, and germplasm management.