農業部水產試驗所全球資訊網

臺灣水產養殖面積最大的文蛤產業，惟受到極端氣候等複合因素影響，文蛤產量起伏不定，甚至發生大量死亡現象，讓養殖戶陷入經營困境。為探討近年文蛤養殖產業所面臨的問題點，並掌握不同產區間養殖戶所重視問題項目與需求的差異性，本研究採用現地訪問與問卷的調查方式，針對不同產區文蛤養殖戶，進行對產業問題點的重要性排序。結果除獲知各文蛤主產區養殖戶對產業問題項目的重要性排序之外，現今各縣市的文蛤養殖戶所面臨3大最重要共同問題項目為：極端氣候、異貝入侵與水質惡化。其次較多養殖戶重視項目為：引排水系統、空氣污染與蛤苗品質。其中極端氣候中又以夏季高溫及強降雨最令文蛤養殖戶憂心。本研究直接且貼近產業的調查結果，將可提供產官學研界尋求提早因應文蛤養殖風險與提高育成率的思考方向，強化產業面對風險的韌性，以文蛤養殖戶實際需求面向，探求解決產業困境的參考依據。

摘要abstract(英) The hard clam industry, which has the largest aquaculture area in Taiwan, has experienced fluctuating yields and even mass mortality events due to a combination of factors, including extreme weather, leading to operational difficulties for farmers. To explore the problems faced by the hard clam farming industry in recent years, and to understand the differences in the needs of and issues emphasized by hard clam farmers in different cultivation areas, this study utilized the investigational methods of field interviews and questionnaires to rank the importance of the industry challenges faced by the farmers in different cultivation areas. The results not only presented the ranking of the industry challenges by importance, but also identified the three leading common challenges faced by the farmers in different counties and cities: extreme weather (A1), invasion of exotic shellfish (B4), and deterioration of water quality (A4). The next three material challenges for farmers were: drainage system (D3), air pollution (A3), and quality of clam fry (B1). Extreme climate, high temperatures, and heavy rainfall in summer were the most concerning for the farmers. The results of this study directly align with the aquaculture industry and provide the industry, government, academia, and researchers with a reference basis for addressing the risks in clam aquaculture and improving the yield rate, thereby strengthening the industry's resilience against risks and solving industry problems by addressing the actual needs of the farmers.