農業部水產試驗所全球資訊網

澎湖南方四島海域擁有豐富的生物多樣性以及功能健全的珊瑚群聚，若能妥善落實保育，可為澎湖群島提供生態資源的避難所及復育的種原庫。本研究在澎湖南方四島及其鄰近海域進行為期兩年的一支釣調查，以評估分析當前管理措施對海域魚類資源的影響。調查期間在澎湖南方四島國家公園海域內共採集到978尾魚類樣本，分屬於24科96種，其中最常見的魚種為紅鰓龍占魚 (Lethrinus rubrioperculatus，佔比10.94%)，其次為伏氏眶棘鱸 (Scolopsis vosmeri，佔比10.63%) 及多帶海緋鯉 (Parupeneus multifasciatus，佔比8.79%)。望安海域共採集到561尾魚，包含13科53種，漁獲尾數最多的種類為伏氏眶棘鱸 (佔比23.35%)、斑帶石斑魚 (Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus, 佔比22.28%) 及藍豬齒魚 (Choerodon azurio, 佔比14.97%)。分析漁獲多樣性指數在各季及各海域間的差異，顯示季節為最重要的影響因素，而比較國家公園與望安海域間漁獲的各項多樣性指數則皆不具顯著差異。漁獲物組成上，相較於東、西吉海域，東、西嶼坪海域與望安海域較為相似，但國家公園海域漁獲組成在各季節間的差異較望安海域更大。漁獲豐度及單位努力漁獲量在海域間及季節間皆觀察到明顯的差異，然國家公園海域並未優於望安海域；而就季節而言，冬季則顯著低於其他各季。主要漁獲種類的體型分析中，國家公園海域的漁獲體型亦不大於望安海域。許多研究指出，海洋保護區有賴適當規範及確實管理才能真正發揮效益，惟本研究的結果顯示，目前國家公園海域經濟性魚類所承受的捕撈壓力仍大，且主要漁獲種類相關的生殖生物學研究也不充分，凸顯了調整當前管理措施並增加相關研究以強化資源保育的必要性。

摘要abstract(英) The waters surrounding the Four Southern Penghu Islands are characterized by high biodiversity and well-functioning coral assemblages. With effective conservation measures in place, these areas have the potential to serve as ecological refugia and genetic repositories for the restoration of marine resources throughout the Penghu Archipelago. This study conducted a two-year handline fishing survey in the Four Southern Penghu Islands and adjacent waters to assess the impact of current management measures on local fishery resources. Over the course of the survey, a total of 978 fish specimens were collected within the Four Southern Penghu Islands National Park, representing 96 species across 24 families. The most abundant species was Lethrinus rubrioperculatus (10.94% of total catch), followed by Scolopsis vosmeri (10.63%) and Parupeneus multifasciatus (8.79%). In the waters around Wang’an, 561 fish specimens were collected, comprising 53 species from 13 families. The dominant species in this area were Scolopsis vosmeri (23.35%), Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus (22.28%), and Choerodon azurio (14.97%). Analysis of catch diversity indices indicated that seasonality was the primary factor influencing species composition, while no significant differences were observed between the national park and Wang’an waters. In terms of catch composition, the East and West Xijiyu waters were more similar to Wang’an, whereas seasonal variation in catch composition was more pronounced within the national park. Significant differences in catch abundance and catch per unit effort (CPUE) were observed among sites and seasons; however, the national park did not outperform the Wang’an area. Seasonal patterns showed that winter yields were significantly lower than those of other seasons. Furthermore, size analysis of major target species revealed that fish caught within the national park were not larger than those from Wang’an. Previous studies have demonstrated that the effectiveness of marine protected areas relies on appropriate regulations and rigorous enforcement. The findings of this study indicate that current fishing pressure on commercially valuable fish species within the national park remains high, and there is a lack of sufficient reproductive biology research on key target species. These results underscore the need to refine existing management measures and expand research efforts to strengthen resource conservation and sustainable fisheries management.