農業部水產試驗所全球資訊網

全球水產養殖業隨著科技進步和市場需求持續增長，但氣候變遷與高密度養殖增加細菌性疾病的風險，本研究探討含益生菌短小芽孢桿菌 (Bacillus pumilus D5) 的飼料對抑制水產動物病原菌的效果，試驗對象包括吳郭魚 (Oreochromis niloticus)、金目鱸 (Lates calcarifer)、午仔魚 (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) 及白蝦 (Penaeus vannamei)，樣本來自10個養殖場實證場域，試驗飼料使用含10⁶ CFU/g 短小芽孢桿菌 D5 的益健飼料，並定期針對試驗動物肝臟、脾臟、腸道或肝胰臟中的弧菌 (Vibrio spp.)、鏈球菌 (Streptococcus spp.) 和產氣單胞菌 (Aeromonas spp.) 進行菌數監測，同時監測優勢病原菌及其藥物敏感性。結果顯示，益健飼料普遍對所有試驗動物的病原菌有抑制效果，吳郭魚腸道中的鏈球菌和弧菌分別減少82.20% 和75.00% 以上，肝臟中的產氣單胞菌減少至少85.48%；金目鱸肝臟和腸道中的鏈球菌可減少92.06% 以上，腸道中的弧菌減少46.60%以上，肝臟中的產氣單胞菌下降99.96%；午仔魚腸道中的弧菌 (含發光桿菌Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, PDSD) 數量少1個對數值，鏈球菌數量則未檢測到；白蝦的肝胰臟中弧菌數量在多次採樣中均低於10³ CFU/g。優勢病原菌方面，吳郭魚與金目鱸以維隆產氣單胞菌 (A. veronii) 為主，午仔魚則以發光桿菌 (PDSD) 為主，白蝦以腸炎弧菌 (V. parahaemolyticus) 為主。藥物敏感性結果顯示，試驗組的各種病原菌至少五成以上菌株可對4種以上抗生素具敏感性。綜上，使用含短小芽孢桿菌D5的益健飼料能夠減少水產動物體內常見病原菌數量，並有助於減少產生抗藥性病原菌的風險

摘要abstract(英) The global aquaculture industry's expansion, driven by technological advancements and increasing market demand, faces heightened risks of bacterial diseases, exacerbated by climate change and high-density farming practices. This study investigated the efficacy of pro-health aquafeed containing the probiotic Bacillus pumilus D5 in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria in farmed aquatic animals. We selected Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer), East Asian fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum), and white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) from 10 private aquaculture farms. An experimental diet containing B. pumilus D5 at 10⁶ CFU/g was regularly administered, and bacterial loads of Vibrio spp., Streptococcus spp., and Aeromonas spp. were monitored in the liver, spleen, intestine, or hepatopancreas of the animals. We also identified dominant pathogens and assessed their antibiotic susceptibility. Results consistently showed that the pro-health aquafeed inhibited pathogens across all tested species. In Nile tilapia, intestinal Streptococcus spp. and Vibrio spp. decreased by over 82.20% and 75.00%, respectively, while liver Aeromonas spp. dropped by at least 85.48%. Asian seabass exhibited reductions of over 92.06% for Streptococcus spp. in liver and intestine, more than 46.60% for intestinal Vibrio spp., and 99.96% for liver Aeromonas spp. For East Asian fourfinger threadfin, intestinal Vibrio spp. (including Photobacterium spp.) was reduced by one log, and Streptococcus spp. was undetectable. White shrimp consistently maintained Vibrio spp. loads below 10³ CFU/g in the hepatopancreas across multiple samples. A. veronii predominated in Nile tilapia and Asian seabass. Ph. damselae subsp. damselae (PDSD) was the main pathogen in East Asian fourfinger threadfin, and V. parahaemolyticus was dominant in white shrimp. Notably, over 50% of pathogenic strains from the experimental group demonstrated susceptibility to at least four antibiotics. In conclusion, diets supplemented with B. pumilus D5 effectively reduce common pathogens in aquatic animals, thereby mitigating the risk of antibiotic-resistant pathogen emergence.