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應用聚合酶連鎖反應－限制酶切割片段多型性 (PCR-RFLP) 技術鑑別淡水繁養殖研究中心所保育之尼羅吳郭魚 (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) 、莫三比克吳郭魚 (Oreochromis mossambicus Peters, 1852)、歐利亞吳郭魚 (Oreochromis aureus Steindachner, 1864) 、賀諾奴吳郭魚 (Oreochromis urolepis hornorum Trewavas, 1966) 及斯皮路勒吳郭魚 (Oreochromis spilurus spilurus Günther, 1894) 等吳郭魚。分析五種吳郭魚之D-loop片段，選擇AcuI，BbsI及MspI內切限制酶對其切割位或切割片段長度有相異之處，可藉以區別之。另外，用Neighbor-joining方法繪出的演化樹顯示其分成三支，賀諾奴吳郭魚與莫三比克吳郭魚形成一支，尼羅吳郭魚與斯皮路勒吳郭魚形成另一支，歐利亞吳郭魚則呈獨立狀態。 挑選體色全黑的雌魚及全白的雄魚(Oreochromis spp)，F1自交，挑選F2仔魚，挑選體色全白(TsR)及全紅(TsR-1)二群，建立基礎群，之後各自群內連續自交三個世代，建立之紅色吳郭魚TsR及TsR-1二個吳郭魚的品系，經由150個RAPD引子，PCR反應篩選出12個產物電泳條帶可清楚辨識且再現性高的引子，再以此引子和萃取TsR及TsR-1兩品系各50尾個DNA樣本進行PCR片段擴增比較，建立TsR及TsR-1兩品系的DNA指紋(DNAfingerpriting) ，作為品系種原保存後裔更新管理依據。

研究報告摘要(英) The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Linnaeus, 1758), Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Peters, 1852), Blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus Steindachner, 1864), Wami tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis hornorum Trewavas, 1966) and Sabaki tilapia (Oreochromis. spilurus spilurus Günther, 1894), all stocked at Freshwater Aquaculture Research Center, were identified by using of PCR-RFLP technique. Digestion of the D-loop region, by using AcuI, BbsI or MspI restriction enzymes, resulted in several different restriction patterns that could be used to discriminate the five tilapia species. Phylogenetic tree constructed by neighbor-joining (NJ) method showed that Wami tilapia and Mozambique tilapia were in the same clade, Nile tilapia and Sabaki tilapia were in another clade, and Blue tilapia was alone. Crossed breeder tilapia (Oreochromis spp) one female having normally black color with one male pearl white. Their F1 full-sib was inbred, constructed F2 population. We analyzed F2 population and selected the tilapia having red color, orange patches or pearl white and none any dark spotted fish. There were two populations, named TsR-1 and TsR. TsR-1 was none any dark strips, blotch, spotted, TsR was pearl white. TsR-1 and TsR was individually successive within population mating 3 generations to fix color traits. DNA fingerprinting, RAPDs were used to analyze TsR-1 and TsR inbred, there are 12 RAPD primers from 150 primers to be screened and amply clearly and reproducibly PCR products running PAGE gel. To compare TsR-1 with TsR, we utilized 12 RAPD primers establish DNA fingerprinting for 50 fishes from every population.