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東部地區文蛤生態養殖模式建立

  • 日期:111-10-20
  • 計畫編號:110農科-6.2.5-水-A1(7)
  • 年度:2021
  • 領域:漁業科技研發
  • 主持人:謝易叡

本年度計畫主要分為兩大部分,第一部分為發酵飼料的配置與檢驗,第二部份則為發酵飼料投餵文蛤之效果。第一部份結果顯示,使用枯草桿菌、酵母菌及EM菌等市售菌種進行飼料發酵,其糖蜜添加量5%-10%較為合適,添加量視基質之碳氮比而定,但糖蜜添加量超過15%時,會影響到初期發酵作用之進行,會使發酵作用較緩慢。基質使用量則為30%具有較佳之操作性,基質添加量會影響發酵時間長短,越多的基質發酵至穩定時間越長。在發酵菌種選用上,枯草桿菌發酵時間較快,調配後3日即可達到穩定狀態,同時將發酵飼料上層液體進行蛋白質分析,也以枯草桿菌組別較高,經發酵兩周後,各組間並無弧菌汙染,顯示菌種能控制弧菌數量。第二部分養殖試驗,以動植物性蛋白質互相取代(100%魚粉;75%魚粉、25%豆粉以此類推)進行發酵後投餵,結果顯示發酵飼料投餵量需控制,投餵過多容易快速造成水中氨氮及硝酸鹽升高,同時也須注意養殖池水色,發酵飼料焦糖色(糖蜜顏色)可能會影響水色判定。投餵後養殖池pH與控制組未有明顯差異,顯示發酵飼料對pH影響不大。在養殖底沙方面,經16週試驗後,各組間ORP值趨勢相近,而弧菌數在試驗初期以控制組高,在發酵飼料組別中弧菌數較低。文蛤生長方面,結果顯示以魚粉和豆粉1:1混和製作發酵飼料可得較佳之成長效果,而肥滿度上則未有顯著差異。本年度試驗結果顯示,利用30%基質、10%糖蜜並以枯草桿菌進行配置,並使用50%豆粉取代魚粉製作液態發酵飼料,可有效加強文蛤生長,同時減緩池底弧菌數快速增加。

研究報告摘要(英)


This plan contained two parts, the fisrt part was verification of fermentation feed, and the other part was the effect of fermentation feed on clams. Results of verification showed that the use of commercial products such as Bacillus, yeast and EM( Effective Microorganisms) for fermentation, the appropriate amount of molasses added was 5%-10%, depending on the C/N ratio of the material. When the addition amount exceeds 15%, it will affect the progress of fermentation and make it slower. The amount of substrate used was 30%. The amount of substrate will affect the speed of fermentation. The more substrate used, the longer it takes to stabilize. The fermentation time of Bacillus completed in less time , and it reached the stable state within 3 days. At the same time, Crude protein of the supernatant in Bacillus group was also higher. After two weeks, there was no vibrio between three groups, indicating probiotics can control the number of Vibrio. The second part was to mix animal and plant proteins (100% fish meal; 75% fish meal and 25% soybean meal, and so on) for fermentation. The results showed that the amount of fermentation feed needs to be controlled, or ammonia and nitrate in the water will increase rapidly. There was no significant difference between the pH of the fermentation feed group and the control group. After 16 weeks, the value of ORP among the groups was similar, while the number of vibrio was higher in the control group. Regarding the growth of clams, the results showed that the fermentation feed produced by mixing fish meal and soybean meal at a ratio of 1:1 could get better growth effects, and condition factors were no significant difference among groups. These results showed that the use of 30% substrate, 10% molasses and Bacillus for fermentation, and the use of 50% soy meal instead of fish meal to make feed can effectively enhance the growth of clams and decrease the number of vibrio.