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創新觀賞魚量產及運輸技術之研究

  • 日期:102-02-01
  • 計畫編號:101農科-6.3.4-水-A2
  • 年度:2012
  • 領域:農業政策研究及科技管理
  • 主持人:何源興
  • 研究人員:何源興、高翊峯、城振誠、黃之暘、鄭明忠

一、分別建立具貿易供銷潛力之4種棘甲鯰、6種非洲慈鯛、4種小型加拉辛科、4種美鯰及4種小型海洋蓋刺科魚類之蓄養、消腹與單隻包裝技術,並可藉由單隻包裝、吸附性資材與、箱內妥善堆疊與溫度控制,相對目前貿易運輸,於相同容積與包裝重量上,分別提升至少20%及15%之酬載數量(密度)與活存率,並確保運抵後7日內累積死亡率低於2%。藉由建立種別專屬之妥善包裝與運輸過程連續溫度控制,可有效提升觀賞魚包裝運輸與貿易輸出之安全性,並確保運抵時與運抵後活存。除提升本地包裝與運輸專業技術,亦能確保產業避險獲益。
二、本年度延續100年度觀賞魚活魚運輸用水研發計畫發展,活魚運輸用包裝水水質複合劑商品,將配方劑量調整效能最佳化得水試B配方(以下簡稱TFRIN B),分析不同運輸溫度及不同酬載密度72小時模擬運輸試驗後,試量產100組水質複合劑供廠商比較市售水質劑效能,並實際進行澎湖離島航線及國際美洲航線活魚運輸測試,到站首日活存率皆為100%。TFRIN B製備緩溶性錠劑,經安全性及三至六個月安定性確效分析,結果顯示活魚運輸用包裝水添加錠劑相較於濃縮液劑可提供3~6個小時緩慢溶效果,添加TFRIN B粉劑或錠劑在安全性及6個月的安定性確效分析上無顯著性差異,活魚運輸用包裝水添加TFRIN B的效果有助於提升到站存活率並幫助維持水體恆定,顯現TFRIN B已具商品化潛力。
三、德斑氏活額蝦蝦苗飼養在25-27℃的水溫下,且於孵化後立即餵飼1隻/ml的豐年蝦無節幼蟲,成長及存活率最經濟。而亨氏活額蝦飼養在30℃的水溫下,且於孵化後立即餵飼1隻/ml的豐年蝦無節幼蟲,成長及存活率最經濟。利用不同種類對水溫的適應架設基礎的模場設備,進行量產流程研究,以建立標準作業流程。
四、飼料殘餌在養殖槽中殘留30小時,就會產生氨氮。若能去除飼料殘餌,就能避免氨氮產生。而過濾器對飼料殘餌的去除率受水流流速的影響。在新型維生系統中以12.5 t/hr最佳。本計畫所使用的光電化學處理機對氨氮的處理速率,隨使用之電壓提高而提高。在循環水養殖與流水式養殖之比較試驗中發現,流水式養殖之水質優於循環水養殖之水質,但黃雀之活存率卻無顯著差異,此結果與Attramadal等(2012)之大西洋鱈魚之育苗試驗相同。
五、擬刺尾鯛種魚之人工繁殖養殖技術,以達成自然配對及產卵之目標,並提供相關繁養殖技術給業者作為刺尾鯛或其他海水魚繁殖之借鏡。飼育過程中培育種魚超過300尾並了解種苗繁殖所需之餌料生物系列,仔魚對水質及微細藻類需求,以作為種苗大量培養之參考。為方便觀察刺尾鯛攝餌及生殖行為,成魚飼養於備有溫控設備之新型6噸FRP水槽,維生與採卵槽配置使該系統佔地面積小設備成本低且維護簡單,其消耗電量低,必能被養殖採用而改善養殖用水品質,降低生產成本,目前已完成刺尾鯛繁養殖技術研發,包括種魚培育、稚魚培育、疫病防治及維生系統標準作業流程與模組規劃,未來可運用育苗技術進行種苗量產及規劃其他模組相關設施之參考。

研究報告摘要(英)


1. Develop the novel techniques of stocking, single packaging and long term transportation to ornamental fish, including the 4 species pleco (Loricariidae), 6 species Africa rift lake cichlid, 4 species tiny Characidae, 4 species Corydoras and 4 species reef fish, respectively. To develop the technology of single packing, absorbability materials, multiple layer stack and temperature control, not only rise the survivorship 15% at the least, but also enhance 20% capacity and keep the DA7 under 2%.
2. We continue the work of the last-year project which proposed development of commercial product for ornamental fish transported in closed with the use of water conditioner. The composition and dosage of the water conditioner were be optimized by fish transport performance and established TFRIN-B formula. Simultaneously analysis the different transport temperature and different payloads density with simulated live transportation of fishes for 72 hours. After the testing, we prepare 100 sets of TFRIN B for some industry and compare with commercial available product on the practical of operation. Live fish transportations of domestic or international air line by using TFRIN B were tested also. All of the fish was 100% survival on arrival day1. Suitable for TFRIN B formulation into a slow-release tablet was validated with safety and stability for six months. No significant effects on Survival rate at or water parameter after live fish transport. With the observed results, we are able to conclude that the TFRIN B is efficient for live fish transport, high survival rate and helping maintain water quality possibly by lowering metabolic wastes after fish shipment and has shown commercial potential.
3. The optimum rearing conditions for dancing shrimp Rhynchocinetes durbanensis larvae were: feeding Artemia nauplii 1 ind./ml, fed on the first day after hatching under 24-27℃. But Cinetorhynchus hendersoni larvae were under 30℃. So, Mass production model of marine ornamental shrimp in accordance with experimental result and depends on the environment to establish standard operating procedure.
4. The ammonia will be found in culture tank, when residual feeds are put to culture water after 30 hours. If the residual feeds were removed by filters, ammonia will not find in culture water. The removal rate of residual feeds in culture water was affected by flow rate of water. The best flow rate of culture water was 12.5 t/hr in this culture system. The ammonia oxidation rate in culture water was increased with the applied voltage increased in photoelectrocatalytic oxidation system. The water quality of flow-through system (FTS) was better than recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) in comparison experiments between RAS and FTS. But the survival rate of Molucca damselfish of two experiments is not remarkably difference. The result was the same to the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) larvae rearing experiment (Attramadal et al., 2012).
5. Training more than 300 species of fish and Understanding of the food organisms for fry rearing series, larvae demand on water quality and microalgae, to train a large number of reference as seedlings. Observed Acanthuridae feeding and reproduction, adult fish stocking in the temperature control 6 t FRP tank. Small footprint, low-cost equipment and easy maintenance of filtration equipment and egg collection tank, low power consumption. To improve the aquaculture water quality, reduce production costs, Species of fish have been spawning may be a natural pairing, The future can be used as fry production and related facilities planning reference other modules. The Acanthuridae farming technology research and development completed. Including species、juvenile fish cultivation disease prevention.