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淡水河文蛤生物學及棲地環境調查研究

  • 日期:110-08-02
  • 計畫編號:109農科-9.5.3-水-A1(2)
  • 年度:2020
  • 領域:漁業科技研發
  • 主持人:蕭聖代
  • 研究人員:莊世昌、金建邦

文蛤是臺灣重要經濟貝類之一,主要棲息於河口的平坦沙灘地與潮間帶的沙質海底 。淡水河口曾為臺灣重要的文蛤種苗產地,但新北市淡水區漁民表示淡水河文蛤產 量已逐年下滑,隨著淡水河之環境改變而天然種苗減少。因此,本研究針對天然棲 息於淡水河口的野生文蛤棲地分布、底泥等環境條件進行調查,並藉由肥滿度測定 ,配合生殖腺組織切片,以進一步瞭解淡水河產文蛤之生長與生殖特性,以期協助 野生文蛤棲地環境的保育及資源的永續利用。研究調查期間,文蛤豐度以淡水河的 紅樹林區為最高,並有越往河口豐度越低的趨勢,且稚貝分布密度也以淡水河上游 河段較高。淡水河文蛤之全重及殼長關係式為TW = 5.747 × 10-4SL2.805。淡水河文蛤 的成熟期開始於每年4月間,8月開始出現較多稚貝。本研究結果也發現成貝豐度與 水溫相關性最高,其次為接近河底的水中葉綠素甲含量,皆為正相關。而水體中的 溶氧、底泥表層之葉綠素甲濃度及pH直接與成貝豐度呈負相關。

研究報告摘要(英)


Asian hard clam (Meretrix sp.) is an economically important shellfish species in Taiwan. It naturally inhabits the lower reaches of sandy beaches, estuaries and tidal flats areas. The average annual yield in recent decades has been 54,000 tons, with an average annual value of 105 million US dollars, according to the fishery statistics of Fisheries Agency, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan. The Tamsui River estuary was once the major production area for wild clam seed in Taiwan. However, as a result of environmental changes within the estuary, associated, in part, by increases in adjacent farming activities, the production of clams from the Tamsui River estuary has decreased year by year. The aim of this study is to investigate the environmental factors associated with a suitable habitat for clams, and to quantify the stocking status for Asian hard clams. Meat Yield and histological examinations of the gonads can be applied to estimate the reproductive cycle. It is necessary for developing sustainable management strategies and broodstock selection for Asian hard clam in aquaculture development. During this investigation, the abundance of Asian hard clams was highest at the Mangrove station of the Tamsui River, with the abundance decreasing toward the river month of the estuary. The abundance of juvenile was also higher in the upper reaches of the Tamsui River estuary. The length-weight relationship of the clam is TW = 5.747 × 10-4SL 2.805. The maturity of clams at the Tamsui River begins in April each year, and more juveniles begin to appear in August. The results of this study also found that the abundance of clams has the highest correlation with water temperature, followed by the concentration of chlorophyll-α in the water close to the river bottom, both of which are positively correlated. The dissolved oxygen in the water, the concentration of chlorophyll-α on the surface of the sediment and pH are directly negatively correlated with the abundance of clams.