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短小芽孢桿菌Bacillus pumilus D5及其突變株對文蛤 (Meretrix lusoria) 成長、抗病和養殖環境改善之影響研究

  • 出版日期:110-06-30
  • 標題title(英):
    Effect of Bacillus pumilus D5 and Its Mutant on the Growth, Disease Resistance and Culture Environment of Hard Clam (Meretrix lusoria)
  • 作者:朱惠真•鄧晶瑩•周昱翰•林泓廷•廖哲宏•曾福生•黃美瑩
  • 作者auther(英):Huei-Jen Ju, Ching-Ying Deng, Yu-Han Chou, Hung-Ting Lin, Che-Hung Liao, Fu-Sheng Tseng and Mei-Ying Huang
  • 卷別:29
  • 期別:1
  • 頁碼:25-36

文蛤 (Meretrix lusoria) 是非常重要的經濟性二枚貝類,然而在過去幾年間,特別是因為養殖管理、氣候異常及弧菌的感染而重創了文蛤產業。在過去文獻中指出,添加益生菌投餵養殖生物可以有效地促進有機體成長、改善水質環境、改善環境菌相以及提升有機體之免疫反應,因此本研究使用短小芽孢桿菌D5及其抗菌性強的突變株NG25來進行試驗。在六個月的田間試驗中,投餵飼料中添加短小芽孢桿菌D5 (實驗組1) 及其突變株NG25 (實驗組2) 文蛤池池水總氨氮和硫化氫的濃度顯著地低於僅投餵飼料者(控制組)。實驗組1文蛤的成長顯著地優於控制組和實驗組2,同時也顯著地抑制了環境中弧菌的濃度。在6個月的田間試驗後,將文蛤同時以溶藻弧菌和創傷弧菌進行144 hr的細菌性攻毒試驗,結果顯示控制組文蛤的死亡率高達六成,然而實驗組1文蛤的死亡率降至3成,而實驗組2文蛤的死亡率則降至2成。最後,在即時聚合酶連鎖反應中觀察C型凝集素基因表現,發現C型凝集素在攻毒72 hr時達到最高量,其中又以實驗組2文蛤的C型凝集素基因的表現量為最高。因此本研究建議添加短小芽孢桿菌D5及突變株NG25餵養文蛤,可以有效地促進成長、改善環境並增加免疫力,適合推廣於養殖現場使用。

摘要abstract(英)


The hard clam (Meretrix lusoria) is an economically important species of marine bivalve; however, for the past few years, tremendous economic losses in clam culture have been caused by poor aquaculture management approaches, global warming, and pathogens. Vibrio is a serious problem that restricts the culture industry. Probiotics could be used to promote growth, improve water quality, reduce environmental pathogens, and enhance the immunity of cultured species. We explored the use of Bacillus pumilus D5 and its mutants to perform these functions. Over a six-month experimental period, hard clams treated with B. pumilus D5 exhibited improved growth compared with those treated with B. pumilus NG25 and controls. The concentration levels of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in treated hard clams significantly decreased compared with those in controls. Six months after the start of the experiments, the hard clams were challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, and significant differences in hard clam survival were observed between the probiotic treatment and control groups. The cumulative mortality of the control group was 60%, whereas the cumulative mortalities of probiotic-treated hard clams were 30% for B. pumilus D5 and 20% for B. pumilus NG25. Subsequently, real-time PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of C-type lectin (Mm-Lec1). In the bacteria exposure test, the expression of C-type lectin genes was upregulated in the B. pumilus NG25 and B. pumilus D5 groups compared with that in the control groups, and the mRNA expression level was highest at 72 h, C-type lectins play defensive roles against Vibrio invasion in hard clams. B. pumilus strains appear to represent ideal multifunctional probiotic bacteria, with the capacity to address mortality issues and increase aquaculture profitability.